(Полезная информация для советского производства любительских кинокамер *** Производитель список советских профессиональное кинооборудование)
You have a camera made in USSR and probably its exposure metering is out-of-work or you don't trust on it, and its manual is lost... So, you decided to use manual exposure, but what are the exposure times for specific frame rates (fps = frames per second)? Here is my answer:
Kiev 16mm Cine Cameras
IMPORTANT Notice! These cameras were made by KIEVSKIY GOSUDARSTVENNIY ZAVOD AVTOMATIKI imeni G. I. PETROVSKOGO = Kiev State-run Automatics Works named after G. I. Petrovskiy until 1983; many people thinks that they were made by famous Kiev brand photo cameras maker Zavod Arsenal, but this is not true
* Kiev 16 E киев 16 Э
Filming Speed, fps | 16 | 24 | 32 |
Exposure Time, sec | 1/36 | 1/54 | 1/72 |
Power supply: Battery TsNK-0,45 or TsNK-0,85 6-8Volts for drive; Charging at 127 or 220Volts via special charger
* Kiev 16 U киев 16 У
Filming Speed, fps | 12 | 16 | 24 | 32 | 48 | 64 |
Exposure Time, sec | 1/27 | 1/36 | 1/54 | 1/72 | 1/108 | 1/144 |
No power supply - spring driven
* Kiev 16 U Model E киев 16 У модель Э
Filming Speed, fps | 16 | 24 | 32 |
Exposure Time, sec | 1/36 | 1/54 | 1/72 |
Power supply: Battery TsNK-0,45 or TsNK-0,85 6-8Volts for drive; Charging at 127 or 220Volts via special charger
* Kiev 16 Alpha Киев 16 Альфа
Filming Speed, fps | 12 | 16 | 24 | 32 | Single frame |
Exposure Time, sec | 1/26 | 1/34 | 1/51 | 1/68 | 1/40 |
No power supply - spring driven
Kvarts or Quarz 8mm Cine Cameras (Made by KMZ Krasnogorskiy Mekhanicheskiy Zavod imeni S. A. Zvereva = Krasnogorsk Mechanical Works named after S. A. Zverev)
* Kvarts 2M (Film used: 2X8 = Double 8 = D8) кварц 2M
Filming Speed, fps | 12 | 16 | 24 | 32 | 48 | Single frame at 16fps (Mode selector should be turned to 1) |
Exposure Time, sec | 1/24 | 1/32 | 1/48 | 1/64 | 1/96 | 1/20 |
No power supply - spring driven
* Kvarts (Quarz) 5 (Film used: 2X8 = Double 8 = D8) кварц 5
Filming Speed, fps | 12 | 16 | 24 | 32 | 48 | Single frame at 16fps (Mode selector should be turned to 1) |
Exposure Time, sec | 1/23 | 1/30 | 1/46 | 1/60 | 1/92 | 1/20 |
No power supply - spring driven
* Kvarts (Quarz) 2X8S-1 (Film used: 2X8Super = Double Super8 = DS8) кварц 2X8C-1
Filming Speed, fps | 12 | 18 | 24 | 48 | Single frame at 18fps (Mode selector should be turned to 1) |
Exposure Time, sec | 1/23 |
| 1/46 | 1/96 | 1/20 |
No power supply - spring driven
* Kvarts (Quarz) 2X8S-1M (Film used: 2X8Super = Double Super8 = DS8) кварц 2X8C-1M
Source: Olexandr Kalynychenko
Filming Speed, fps | 12 | 18 | 24 | 48 | Single frame |
Exposure Time, sec | 1/23 | 1/34 | 1/46 | 1/92 | 1/34 |
No power supply - spring driven
* Kvarts (Quarz) 2X8S-3 (Film used: 2X8Super = Double Super8 = DS8) кварц 2X8C-3
Filming Speed, fps | 12 | 18 | 24 | 36 | Single frame at 18fps (Mode selector should be turned to 1) |
Exposure Time, sec | 1/23 | 1/34 | 1/45 | 1/68 | 1/20 |
No power supply - spring driven
* Kvarts (Quarz) 1X8S-1 (Film used: Super8 cartridge) кварц 1X8C-1
Filming Speed, fps | 8 | 12 | 18 | 24 | 32 | Single frame |
Exposure Time, sec | 1/16 | 1/24 | 1/36 | 1/48 | 1/64 | 1/20 |
Power supply two RTs-53 cells 1,3Volts each (int'l equivalent: PX-625 Varta) for exposure metering only - spring driven
* Kvarts (Quarz) 1X8S-2 (Film used: Super8 cartridge) кварц 1X8C-2
Filming Speed, fps | 8 | 12 | 18 | 24 | 32 | Single frame |
Exposure Time, sec | 1/16 | 1/24 | 1/36 | 1/48 | 1/64 | 1/20 |
Power supply two RTs-53 cells 1,3Volts each (int'l equivalent: PX-625 Varta) for exposure metering only - spring driven
Correct Battery Polarities (Improper polarities will burn the electronics in the camera!)
* Kvarts (Quarz) 8XL (Film used: Super8 cartridge) кварц 8XL EKTACHROME 64T friendly (automatic)
Filming Speed, fps | 9 | 18 | 24 | Single frame |
Exposure Time, sec | 1/15 | 1/30 | 1/40 | 1/15 |
Power supply six A316 batteries 1,5Volts each (int'l equivalent: AA) for exposure metering and electric drive
Prototypes:
Кварц 2x8С-Ш Kvarts (Quarz) 2x8S-Sh
Кварц Kvarts (Quarz) DS8-A
Кварц 9 СУПЕР Kvarts (Quarz) 9 SUPER
Кварц Kvarts (Quarz) 10
Кварц 10 ПОЛУАВТОМАТ Kvarts (Quarz) 10 POLUAVTOMAT
Кварц 1x8С-Э Kvarts (Quarz) 1x8S-E
Krasnogorsk 16mm Cine Cameras (Made by KMZ Krasnogorskiy Mekhanicheskiy Zavod imeni S. A. Zvereva = Krasnogorsk Mechanical Works named after S. A. Zverev)
* Krasnogorsk Красногорск
Filming Speed, fps | 8 | 12 | 16 | 24 | 32 | 48 |
Exposure Time, sec | 1/19 | 1/29 | 1/38 | 1/58 | 1/76 | 1/116 |
Power supply two RTs-53 cells 1,3Volts each (int'l equivalent: PX-625 Varta) for exposure metering only - spring driven
* Krasnogorsk Красногорск-2
Filming Speed, fps | 8 | 12 | 16 | 24 | 32 | 48 | Single frame at 24fps (by using cable release) |
Exposure Time, sec | 1/20 | 1/30 | 1/40 | 1/60 | 1/80 | 1/120 |
Power supply one RTs-55 cell 1,3Volts (int'l equivalent: PX-640 Varta) for exposure metering only - spring driven
* Krasnogorsk Красногорск-3/3M/4 (K-4 very rare 27pcs. only!)
Filming Speed, fps | 8 | 12 | 16 | 24 | 32 | 48 | Single frame at 16fps (by using cable release) |
Exposure Time, sec | 1/20 | 1/30 | 1/40 | 1/60 | 1/80 | 1/120 | 1/30 |
Power supply one RTs-55 cell 1,3Volts (int'l equivalent: PX-640 Varta) for exposure metering only - spring driven
Avrora or LOMO 8mm Cine Cameras (Made by LOMO Leningradskiy Optiko-Mekhanicheskiy Obyedineniye imeni V. I. Lenina = Leningrad Optical-Mechanical Amalgamation named after V. I. Lenin)
* Avrora/LOMO Аврора/ломо-214/215 (Film used: Super8 cartridge) EKTACHROME 64T friendly (manual)
Filming Speed, fps | 18 |
Exposure Time, sec | 1/48 |
Power supply four A316 batteries 1,5Volts each (int'l equivalent: AA) for exposure metering and electric drive
* Avrora/LOMO Аврора/ломо-216/217/218/219 (Film used: Super8 cartridge)
Filming Speed, fps | 18 |
Exposure Time, sec | 1/48 |
Power supply four A316 batteries 1,5Volts each (int'l equivalent: AA) for exposure metering and electric drive
* Avrora/LOMO Аврора/ломо-200/220 (Film used: Super8 cartridge)
* * *
Manufacturer list of Soviet professional cinema products (Производитель список советских профессиональное кинооборудование)
Only the plants for professional equipment are mentioned below; the plants written as accessories and lenses are the makers only for those specific products, some others make their own accessories, too; the plants beginning with Mos is located in Moscow and while the ones with Len is located in Leningrad (=St. Petersburg); P/A: Production Amalgamation (originally P/O), SPA: Scientific Production Amalgamation (originally NPO); Kinap (cine apparatuses, originally kino apparaturiy); n/a: named after (originally im.=imeni)
For all types of cinematographic systems incl. sound systems: NIKFI (Scientific Cinema-Photo Research Institute) Moscow, BKTsK (Central Cine Apparatus Design Bureau) St. Petersburg
16/35/70mm (not 65mm!) cameras & film production accessories: Lenkinap, Moskinap Plant of P/A Kadr, MKBK (Moscow Cine Apparatus Design Bureau) located at Moskinap, Film Studios Design Depts. like Mosfilm, Lenfilm, Film Studio n/a Dovhdjenko (Kiev),
Lenses: LOMO (Leningrad Optical Mechanical Amalgamation), SPA Ekran (St. Petersburg), KMZ (Krasnogorsk Mechanical Plant n/a Zverev=ZENIT, Russia)
Sound equipment mainly for recording: LOMO (Leningrad Optical Mechanical Amalgamation), SPA Ekran (St. Petersburg), only for post-production: LOMO (Leningrad Optical Mechanical Amalgamation), MEZ (Moscow Electrotechnical Factory)
Animation equipment: Odessa Plant of P/A Kinap (Ukraine)
All kinds of film lab equipment incl. special-effects: SPA Ekran (St. Petersburg); some lab and special-effects equipment: Moskinap Plant of P/A Kadr, Film Studios Design Depts., Film Laboratories Design Depts.
All kinds of films and magnetic products: SPA SVEMA (Shostka Light-sensitive Materials, Ukraine), P/A TASMA (Tatarstan Light-sensitive Materials, Kazan, Russia), only magnetic products: P/A Slavitch (Pereslav-Zaleskiy, Russia)
35/35-70mm projectors: Cinema Projector Plant of LOMO (Leningrad Optical Mechanical Amalgamation),
35mm projectors: Kiev Plant Kinap of SPA Ekran, Minsk Mechanical Plant of BelOMO (Bylerussian Optical Mechanical Amalgamation), State-run Cine Mechanical Plant (St. Petersburg)
16/35/70mm projectors: Odessa Plant of P/A Kinap (Ukraine), OKBK (Odessa Cine Apparatus Design Bureau)
Lenses: LOMO (Leningrad Optical Mechanical Amalgamation), Izyum Instrument Making Plant (Ukraine)
Accessories: Tallinn Experimental Cine Mechanical Plant (Estonia), Kinodetal Plant (Minsk), Rostov Small Experimental Cine Automation Plant
Sound equipment (amplifiers, processors and speakers for movie theatres): Samarkand Kinap Plant (Uzbekistan).
Some other Cine Mechanical Plants in Ulan-Ude, Volgograd, Tver, Astrakhan, Yaroslavl, Novgorod (Experimental), Sverdlov (No. 2), Leningrad (St. Petersburg, State-run) and Kamen-na-obi (Altai), as well as Ekaterinburg (EKRAN) and Moscow (Cine Production Workshop).
The manufacturers for bulbs, batteries and other numerous products are not mentioned here due to this info has no directory purpose. Many of them are closed or make other products now thanks to high quality products imported from abroad (As a matter of fact, big enterprises in the USSR were using imported products or both...)
Please contact for more information on all the equipment, their spare parts and servicing needs:
Mr. Olexandr Kalynychenko, Ukraine
His website
Sources: Instruction manuals & brochures in Russian and English (all are obtained by correspondence with the makers years ago) unless otherwise indicated.
If you wish to add information or update and ask a question, please contact me.
