You have a camera made in USSR and probably its exposure metering is out-of-work or you don't trust on it, and its manual is lost... So, you decided to use manual exposure, but what are the exposure times for specific frame rates (fps = frames per second)? Here is my answer:
IMPORTANT Notice! These cameras were made by Kievskiy Gosudartsvenniy Zavod AVTOMATIKI imeni G. I. PETROVSKOGO (Kiev State-run Automatics Works named after G. I. Petrovskiy) until 1983; many people think that they were made by P/O Zavod Arsenal, the famous Kiev brand camera manufacturer, but this is not true!
* Kiev 16 E киев 16 Э
Filming Speed, fps | 16 | 24 | 32 |
Exposure Time, sec | 1/36 | 1/54 | 1/72 |
Power supply: Battery TsNK-0,45 or TsNK-0,85 6-8Volts for drive; Charging at 127 or 220Volts via special charger
* Kiev 16 U киев 16 У
Filming Speed, fps | 12 | 16 | 24 | 32 | 48 | 64 |
Exposure Time, sec | 1/27 | 1/36 | 1/54 | 1/72 | 1/108 | 1/144 |
No power supply - spring driven
Black body color is more common
* Kiev 16 U Model E киев 16 У модель Э
Filming Speed, fps | 16 | 24 | 32 |
Exposure Time, sec | 1/36 | 1/54 | 1/72 |
Power supply: Six ЦНК-0,45 (TsNK-0,45) or ЦНК-0,85 (TsNK-0,85) batteries in a special plastic box (total of 6~8Volts will work) for drive; Charging at 127 or 220Volts via special charger
* Kiev 16 Alpha Киев 16 Альфа
Filming Speed, fps | 12 | 16 | 24 | 32 | Single frame |
Exposure Time, sec | 1/26 | 1/34 | 1/51 | 1/68 | 1/40 |
No power supply - spring driven
* Kvarts 2M (Film used: 2X8 = Double 8 = D8) кварц 2M
Filming Speed, fps | 12 | 16 | 24 | 32 | 48 | Single frame at 16fps (Mode selector should be turned to 1) |
Exposure Time, sec | 1/24 | 1/32 | 1/48 | 1/64 | 1/96 | 1/20 |
No power supply - spring driven
* Kvarts (Quarz) 5 (Film used: 2X8 = Double 8 = D8) кварц 5
Filming Speed, fps | 12 | 16 | 24 | 32 | 48 | Single frame at 16fps (Mode selector should be turned to 1) |
Exposure Time, sec | 1/23 | 1/30 | 1/46 | 1/60 | 1/92 | 1/20 |
No power supply - spring driven
* Kvarts (Quarz) 2X8S-1 (Film used: 2X8Super = Double Super8 = DS8) кварц 2X8C-1
Filming Speed, fps | 12 | 18 | 24 | 48 | Single frame at 18fps (Mode selector should be turned to 1) |
Exposure Time, sec | 1/23 |
| 1/46 | 1/96 | 1/20 |
No power supply - spring driven
* Kvarts (Quarz) 2X8S-1M (Film used: 2X8Super = Double Super8 = DS8) кварц 2X8C-1M
Filming Speed, fps | 12 | 18 | 24 | 48 | Single frame |
Exposure Time, sec | 1/23 | 1/34 | 1/46 | 1/92 | 1/34 |
No power supply - spring driven
* Kvarts (Quarz) 2X8S-3 (Film used: 2X8Super = Double Super8 = DS8) кварц 2X8C-3
Filming Speed, fps | 12 | 18 | 24 | 36 | Single frame at 18fps (Mode selector should be turned to 1) |
Exposure Time, sec | 1/23 | 1/34 | 1/45 | 1/68 | 1/20 |
No power supply - spring driven
Above filters were common supplied accessories found in all makes.
Older makes were included also TC-6 filter which is a color conversion filter, using Tungsten film (Type A) outdoors. When used, use the small neutral density filter H-4X on the exposure meter window for proper exposure metering!
Another (automatic) method is useful to cheat the exposure meter by altering the film speed dial (GOST/DIN) other than for the actual film used, but no data is given in the manual.
* Kvarts (Quarz) 1X8S-1 (Film used: Super8 cartridge) кварц 1X8C-1
Filming Speed, fps | 8 | 12 | 18 | 24 | 32 | Single frame |
Exposure Time, sec | 1/16 | 1/24 | 1/36 | 1/48 | 1/64 | 1/20 |
Power supply two РЦ-53 (RTs-53) cells for exposure metering only - spring driven
Black color on the front plate is more common
* Kvarts (Quarz) 1X8S-2 (Film used: Super8 cartridge) кварц 1X8C-2
Filming Speed, fps | 8 | 12 | 18 | 24 | 32 | Single frame |
Exposure Time, sec | 1/16 | 1/24 | 1/36 | 1/48 | 1/64 | 1/20 |
Power supply two РЦ-53 (RTs-53) cells for exposure metering only - spring driven
Correct Battery Polarities (Improper polarities will burn the electronics in the camera!)
* Kvarts (Quarz) 8XL (Film used: Super8 cartridge) кварц 8XL EKTACHROME 100D friendly (automatic)
Filming Speed, fps | 9 | 18 | 24 | Single frame |
Exposure Time, sec | 1/15 | 1/30 | 1/40 | 1/15 |
Power supply six AA batteries for exposure metering and electric drive
Кварц 2x8С-Ш Kvarts (Quarz) 2x8S-Sh
Кварц Kvarts (Quarz) DS8-A
Кварц 9 СУПЕР Kvarts (Quarz) 9 SUPER
Кварц Kvarts (Quarz) 10
Кварц 10 ПОЛУАВТОМАТ Kvarts (Quarz) 10 POLUAVTOMAT
Кварц 1x8С-Э Kvarts (Quarz) 1x8S-E
* Krasnogorsk Красногорск
Filming Speed, fps | 8 | 12 | 16 | 24 | 32 | 48 |
Exposure Time, sec | 1/19 | 1/29 | 1/38 | 1/58 | 1/76 | 1/116 |
Power supply two РЦ-53 (RTs-53) cells for exposure metering only - spring driven
* Krasnogorsk Красногорск-2
Filming Speed, fps | 8 | 12 | 16 | 24 | 32 | 48 | Single frame at 24fps (by using cable release) |
Exposure Time, sec | 1/20 | 1/30 | 1/40 | 1/60 | 1/80 | 1/120 |
Power supply two РЦ-53 (RTs-53) cells when the camera built with СФ2-2 (SF2-2) photo resistor or one РЦ-55 (RTs-55) cell when the camera built with СФ2-5 (SF2-5) photo resistor for exposure metering only - spring driven
Black body color of K-3 is more common
* Krasnogorsk Красногорск-3/3M/4 3M and 4 are very rare!
Filming Speed, fps | 8 | 12 | 16 | 24 | 32 | 48 | Single frame at 16fps (by using cable release) |
Exposure Time, sec | 1/20 | 1/30 | 1/40 | 1/60 | 1/80 | 1/120 | 1/30 |
Power supply one РЦ-55 (RTs-55) cell for exposure metering only - spring driven
Filming Speed, fps | 18 |
Exposure Time, sec | 1/48 |
Power supply four AA batteries for exposure metering and electric drive
* Avrora/LOMO Аврора/ломо-216/217/218/219 (Film used: Super8 cartridge)
Filming Speed, fps | 18 |
Exposure Time, sec | 1/48 |
Power supply four AA batteries for exposure metering and electric drive
* LOMO ломо-200/220 (Film used: Super8 cartridge)
These are high-end cameras for Super-8 film, with technical possibilities of professional cameras like automatic exposure setting, high speed 1.8/6.5-65 mm VARIOGOIR-2B lens with a 10x zoom, parallax-free viewfinder, and motor drive. The CdS light sensor of the exposure meter measures average brightness of the object according to the TTL system. The film speed can be set from 16 to 350 GOST (ASA), each in half steps. 15 m (50ft). Super 8 film cartridge is used.
Lens stop can also be controlled manually. Micro prism or scale focusing is from i nfinity to 2 m. Lens filters with the M67x0.75 thread can be used. The lens focal length can be smoothly changed by an electric motor (auto zoom) from 6.5 to 65 mm at a variable speed for 1.5-15 s. The parallax-free viewfinder with automatically or manually set iris indicated in the fie ld of view; in case of high speed, underexposure, overexposure, no film cartridge, improper power supply warning signals are indicated.
The viewfinder has diopter adjustment within ±5 diopters and a soft eye rubber. Shooting speeds are 6, 12, 18, 24, 36, 54, 72 fps and single frame. The camera has a variable shutter. The electric motor and exposure meter are fed from 10 AA batteries. Remote operation control via a cable is also possible. When color films balanced to daylight are used, a Type A correction filter is introduced with the help of a special lever.
The LOMO-200 and LOMO-220 models differ. LOMO-200 has a special arrangement for time lapse photography at speeds up to 1 fpm. LOMO-220 has dissolve ability.
The LOMO-200 camera is 2.2 kg, LOMO-220 is 2.5 kg; Dimensions 275X105X235mm.
* Avrora Аврора 226 (Film used: Super8 sound cartridge) extremely rare! One and only Russian-made sound camera!
This camera is intended for Super-8 sound film, with technical possibilities of professional cameras like automatic exposure setting, high speed 1.1/9-27 mm GRANIT-12 lens with a 3x zoom, parallax-free viewfinder, and motor drive.The CdS light sensor of the exposure meter measures average brightness of the object according to the TTL system. 15 m (50ft). Super 8 sound film cartridge is used. Shooting speed is 18 fps.The camera has a 180° shutter. The electric motor and exposure meter are fed from 4 AA cells. When color films balanced to daylight are used, a Type A correction filter is introduced. Automatic fade-in and fade-out are possible. On-board telescopic microphone is supplied.
The prototype images are courtesy of KMZ, Krasnogorsk town, Moscow.
The colorful larger images are courtesy of V/O TECHNOINTORG and VNESHPOSYLTORG, Moscow.
The rest of the images are courtesy of Mr. Olexandr Kalynychenko, Dnepropetrovsk, Ukraine.
If you wish to add information or update and ask a question, please contact me.
This page is dedicated to the beautiful Russian and Ukrainian women!
